
Spirillum Volutans
Overview
Spirillum Volutans is an amazing bacteria that uses it's energy to spread nutrients throughout a rats body, and through whatever organism it's injected in. The energy used spitting out nutrients rotates the spirillum, spinning them while using their two flagella to turn.
They have a deep colored tinge on their outer layer, and have a small size of only 5 to 8 μm (micrometres) in width and a size of 60 μm long. For a description of that in our everyday terms, a micrometre is 10^ -6 of a metre (or meter in America).
Intrestingly enough, staining one of these bacteria causes their flagella to either dissolve or disappear entirely.
Spirillum Volutans, while well known as rat poison or infections, also live in the ocean, or other wet habitats, and are abundantly found near the Atlantic and Pacific.
These bacteria cannot survive in extreme environments, unlike their Archaebacteria counterparts, and have taken a few million years to adapt to one of the earlier evolutions of rats.
Other than poisoning us with their unnourishing nourishments, spirillum volutans live comfortably within a rat, and pretty much fund that rats nutrient economy so to speak.
Spirillum Volutans grows only under microaerobic conditions in a peptone-succinate-salts broth, but can grow aerobically when the peptone is replaced by vitamin-free acid-hydrolyzed casein broth.
Furthermore, Spirillum Volutans is a consumer, and eats it's way to recieving energy. It then uses that energy in whatever way it pleases. It also is a prokaryote allowing for some leeway
This bacteria goes through binary fission to create more of it's kind. This process is where a new bacteria physically grows on this bacteria and then breaks off through movement of the original bacteria.
Spirillum Volutans in other words is a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles.
Images:

Another dyed image of Spirillum Volutans.

A closeup view of Spirillum Volutans. Non-dyed.

A dyed image of swimming Spirillum Volutans. This was extracted from a rats dissected body, and investigated on a petri dish.

Another dyed image of Spirillum Volutans.
Taxonomic Classification
The Taxonomic classification of any given organism is very telling of that that organism is. It's very useful to know what that classification is.
Kingdom: Eubacteria (originated from Kingdom Monera)
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Subphylum: None
Class: Betaproteobacteria
Order: Nitrosomonadales
Family: Spirillaceae
Genus: Spirillum
Species: Volutans
Video Overview
Please note that this video was not filmed by the creator, while this article was. Scientists at harvard willingly source coded this video, and I recognized it as a viable source for representing a visual for the movement of Spirillum Volutans.
The Spirillum Volutans is the blue squigly line near the middle that keeps going in and out of focus. This is so because the spirillum volutans keeps rotating up and down, going through different levels of the water in the slide it is on.
As described above, the blue staining of the slide caused the flagella on each end of the spirillum volutans to disappear.
Some other smaller bacteria are floating or swimming around the spirillum, and the ice cubed like organism could just be a lone cocci bacteria or some other cube like organism.
Tests:
Testing theories upon an organism is vital to understanding it. While Spirillum Volutans is pretty well known to scientists, there haven't been many official lab tests relating to the actual organism. The test that the author has recorded is on the subject of Sprillum Volutans growth.
This is a brief overview of the experiment.
Materials/Methods:
- Media
- S. Volutans ATCC 19554
- Gaseous Conditions
- Preperation of inocula
- Supplements for test media
- Preperations of cell extracts
Results:
Requirement for sodium ions in the growth medium. The particular lot of CHSS used by Bowdre and Krieg in their investigation was also found to support the aerobic growth of S. volutans in this study. However, a new lot purchased from the same manufacturer did not allow growth of S. volutans either aerobically or microaerobically. Flame photometry analysis of a 10% (wt/vol) solution of the two lots revealed that the new lot contained 2 mM Na+, whereas the old lot contained 65 mM Na+. The addition of 0.01 to 0.02% NaCl to the new lot supported aerobic growth of S. volutans. Since an equivalent level of Na2SO4 similarly supported growth whereas KCl did not, it appears that S. volutans requires a low level of Na+ for growth. The organism is inhibited by NaCl levels greater than 0.02%. However, the addition of various levels of NaCl to MPSS broth did not allow this medium to support aerobic growth.
Tables and Charts:
The tables and charts represent the results of the experiments tests.
Sourced from The Microaerophile Spirillum volutans: Cultivation on Complex Liquid and Solid Media PENELOPE J. PADGETT,t* WILLIAM H. COVERJ AND NOEL R. KRIEG









History and other fun facts:
History is an intresting topic, and it is sometimes revelant to know the history behind an organism. Spirillum Volutans is not the most popular, while the most populous, bacteria in the wrold, and not much is known of it's past.
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch scientist, known as the Father of Microbiology, is believed to be the first person to identify Spirillum species of bacteria in the 1670s. Spirillum refers to a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Spirillaceae. These bacteria are known for their elongated structure. In fact, Spirillum volutans, members of Spirillum are considered to be one of the largest species of bacteria.
This bacteria was first recognized as a cause of Lyme disease, after being infected by a rats bite. After investigating this, scientists found out that almost all spirilum bacteria live and nourish a rat's body. Spirillum minus in it's veins, Spirillum volutans in it's teeth and saliva (or the rat equivalent) and Spirillum plus almost everywhere else.
This bacteria can spread through touching anything of an infected animal. Urine, fur, epidermis. You name it, it can infect you there.